Abortion or Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP): Where is it legal?

Introduction:


The spontaneous or induced termination of pregnancy before the fetus reaches a viable age is termed as abortion or Medical Termination of Pregnancy. The legal definition of viability - usually 20 to 24 weeks – differs from state to state. 

Symptoms of spontaneous abortion include abdominal cramps and vaginal bleeding, sometimes with the passage of clots or bits of membrane or tissue.

Is abortion legal?

The legality of pregnancy termination varies from country to country and even state to state. The legality can be legal, illegal or restricted under specific circumstances.

The legality of abortion varies greatly across the world. Here's a general breakdown:

  • Abortion on Request: In about 77 countries, abortion is legal upon the person's request, often with some gestational limits (how many weeks into a pregnancy an abortion can be performed).
  • Broad Social and Economic Grounds: In roughly 47 countries, abortion is legal on broad social or economic grounds, meaning factors beyond solely preserving a person's life are permitted.
  • Preserving Health or Therapeutic Grounds: About 25 countries allow abortion in cases where the pregnancy would endanger the person's physical or mental health.
  • Strictly Prohibited: In approximately 22 countries, abortion is illegal in almost all circumstances, including those where the person's life is in danger.

Here’s a list of countries with their abortion status.

Country

Legal Status

Permissible circumstance

Afghanistan

Illegal

·        life of the mother is at risk

·        baby's life is endangered

·        baby having a severe disability or low quality of life.

Albania

Legal

·        On request

·        Medical Reasons

·        Social Reasons

Algeria

Illegal and heavily restricted

·        Woman’s life is in danger

Andorra

Illegal

 

Angola

Legal with restrictions

·        Serious threat to the woman's life or health.

·        rape or incest

·        fetal impairment

Antigua and Barbuda

Illegal

 

Argentina

Legal

·        elective

Armenia

Legal

·        On request

·        Medical reasons

·        Social reasons

Australia

Legal

·        On request

Austria

Legal

·        On request

Azerbaijan

Legal

·        On request

Bahamas

Legal with restrictions

·        Severe congenital malformations

·        rape or incest

·        Serious threat to the woman's life or health

Bahrain

Legal with restrictions

·        Upon request with authorization from a panel of physicians

Bangladesh

Illegal

 

Barbados

Legal

·        Risk to life

·        Physical/Mental health of the woman

·        Fetal impairment

·        Rape/Incest

·        Socioeconomic reasons

Belarus

Legal        

·        Medical reasons

·        On request

·        Social reasons

Belgium

 

 

Belize

 

 

Benin

 

 

Bhutan

 

 

Bolivia

 

 

Bosnia and Herzegovina

 

 

Botswana

 

 

Brazil

 

 

Brunei

 

 

Bulgaria

 

 

Burkina Faso

 

 

Burundi

 

 

Côte d'Ivoire

 

 

Cabo Verde

 

 

Cambodia

 

 

Cameroon

 

 

Canada

 

 

Central African Republic

 

 

Chad

 

 

Chile

 

 

China

 

 

Colombia

 

 

Comoros

 

 

Congo (Congo-Brazzaville)

 

 

Costa Rica

 

 

Croatia

 

 

Cuba

 

 

Cyprus

 

 

Czechia (Czech Republic)

 

 

Democratic Republic of the Congo

 

 

Denmark

 

 

Djibouti

 

 

Dominica

 

 

Dominican Republic

 

 

Ecuador

 

 

Egypt

 

 

El Salvador

 

 

Equatorial Guinea

 

 

Eritrea

 

 

Estonia

 

 

Eswatini (fmr. "Swaziland")

 

 

Ethiopia

 

 

Fiji

 

 

Finland

 

 

France

 

 

Gabon

 

 

Gambia

 

 

Georgia

 

 

Germany

 

 

Ghana

 

 

Greece

 

 

Grenada

 

 

Guatemala

 

 

Guinea

 

 

Guinea-Bissau

 

 

Guyana

 

 

Haiti

 

 

Holy See

 

 

Honduras

 

 

Hungary

 

 

Iceland

 

 

India

 

 

Indonesia

 

 

Iran

 

 

Iraq

 

 

Ireland

 

 

Israel

 

 

Italy

 

 

Jamaica

 

 

Japan

 

 

Jordon

 

 

Kazakhstan

 

 

Kenya

 

 

Kiribati

 

 

Kuwait

 

 

Kyrgyzstan

 

 

Laos

 

 

Latvia

 

 

Lebanon

 

 

Lesotho

 

 

Liberia

 

 

Libya

 

 

Liechtenstein

 

 

Lithuania

 

 

Luxembourg

 

 

Madagascar

 

 

Malawi

 

 

Malaysia

 

 

Maldives

 

 

Mali

 

 

Malta

 

 

Marshall Islands

 

 

Mauritania

 

 

Mauritius

 

 

Mexico

 

 

Micronesia

 

 

Moldova

 

 

Monaco

 

 

Mongolia

 

 

Montenegro

 

 

Morocco

 

 

Mozambique

 

 

Myanmar

 

 

Namibia

 

 

Nauru

 

 

Nepal

 

 

Netherlands

 

 

New Zealand

 

 

Nicaragua

 

 

Niger

 

 

Nigeria

 

 

North Korea

 

 

North Macedonia

 

 

Norway

 

 

Oman

 

 

Pakistan

 

 

Palau

 

 

Palestine State

 

 

Panama

 

 

Papua New Guinea

 

 

Paraguay

 

 

Peru

 

 

Philippines

 

 

Poland

 

 

Portugal

 

 

Qatar

 

 

Romania

 

 

Russia

 

 

Rwanda

 

 

Saint Kitts and Nevis

 

 

Saint Lucia

 

 

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

 

 

Samoa

 

 

San Marino

 

 

Sao Tome and Principe

 

 

Saudi Arabia

 

 

Senegal

 

 

Serbia

 

 

Seychelles

 

 

Sierra Leone

 

 

Singapore

 

 

Slovakia

 

 

Slovenia

 

 

Solomon Islands

 

 

Somalia

 

 

South Africa

 

 

South Korea

 

 

South Sudan

 

 

Spain

 

 

Sri Lanka

 

 

Sudan

 

 

Suriname

 

 

Sweden

 

 

Switzerland

 

 

Syria

 

 

Tajikistan

 

 

Tanzania

 

 

Thailand

 

 

Timor-Leste

 

 

Togo

 

 

Tonga

 

 

Trinidad and Tobago

 

 

Tunisia

 

 

Turkey

 

 

Turkmenistan

 

 

Tuvalu

 

 

Uganda

 

 

Ukraine

 

 

United Arab Emirates (UAE)

 

 

United Kingdom

 

 

United States of America

 

 

Uruguay

 

 

Uzbekistan

 

 

Vanuatu

 

 

Venezuela

 

 

Vietnam

 

 

Yemen

 

 

Zambia

 

 

Zimbabwe

 

 

Important Notes:

  • Laws are complex: Laws within a country can have many different caveats and conditions.
  • Laws change: These numbers change as countries update their laws.

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Abortion in Afghanistan: The legal scenario

Abortion and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): Are they correlated?